Nmcgregors theory x and theory y pdf files

Theory x and theory y of motivation theory x and theory y of motivation by mcgregor s external motivation includes the forces which exist inside the individuals as well as the controlled by the manager, including items such as salaries, working conditions, company policy and job content items, such as recognition. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi theory x an authoritarian style of management the average worker dislikes work. Theory y implies a more self directed workforce that takes an interest in the goals. Control, achievement and continuous improvement achieved by enabling, empowering and giving responsibility. In actual practice, most managers today practice a combination of theory x and theory y styles of management. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi. Theory x and theory y of motivation explain with examples. Explanation of fourteen points of management by edward deming. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y.

Theory x and theory y of management represent two fundamental approaches to employee engagement carson, 2005. In addition, managers who tend to utilize mcgregors theory x generally receive poor results from their employees. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. Theory x and theory y team management training from. On the other extreme, theory y is diametrically opposite to theory x which shows the modern and dynamic approach to individuals and relies on the assumptions that are practical in nature. The trick is to be aware of your assumptions and to adapt your management style, so that all members of your team can benefit. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor.

My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. The purpose of this paper is to trace mcgregors xy theory and its. Mcgregor s ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Fortythree years ago, douglas mcgregors the human side of enterprise offered managers a new assumption of management theory y, which would be. Theory x and theory y are theories of human motivation created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s. Theory x the theory leads to mistrust, highly restrictive supervision, a punitive atmosphere, threat and coercion to gain employees compliance theory x managers feel the sole purpose of the employees interest in the job is money they will blame the person, without questioning whether it may be the system. Mcgregor s x y theory is a natural rule for managing people. Social psychologist mcgregors theoryx and theoryyof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y free.

In this article, we are going to talk about the major differences between theory x and theory y. Tausky 1992, 4, theory x assumptions still prevail in the workplace collins 1996 and some management students still prefer those assumptions to theory y assumptions weinstein 2001. Many theorists support that mcgregors theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. This lesson goes over these additional learning goals. Edwards deming w edwards deming was an american statistician who is associated with the rise of japan as a manufacturing nation, and with the invention of total quality management tqm. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. Theory y maintains that human beings are active rather than passive shapers of. Copyright 2017, scholarly research journal for interdisciplinary. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions.

In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his 1960 book the human. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Theory y allows a business to expand while making more profit because factoryfloor workers have their own responsibility. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. In the 1960s, social psychologist douglas mcgregor developed two contrasting theories that explained how managers beliefs about what motivates their people. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Theory x is often said to describe a traditional view of direction and control.

Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic. Many years ago a professor named douglas mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. Mcgregors theory x and theory y introduction human beings have been studied systematically and objectively for many years to determine if they are resistant to work or selfgoverning. The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. The human side of enterprise consists of 3 parts and is in total about 250 pages. Managers can be said to follow either view of their workforce. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the. Theory x and theory y essay sample new york essays. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. The first part introduces the concepts of theory x and theory y.

Hereafter, we refer to mcgregors theorizing as theory xy. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Difference between theory x and theory y of motivation and its critical appraisal. Theory x and y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s 2. The first being theory y mangers and theory x managers waddell, jones, george 2010, p. There is a general acceptance of the notion that effective leadership consists in part of good relationships between leaders and followers e. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. It helped to crystallise and put into right perspective the findings of the hawthorne experiments. In this essay i will elaborate more on the douglas mcgregors theory x and y as well as how the theory has added value in the methods of the management that managers today use to reach organizational goals. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of. Specifically, subordinates that are supervised by theory y managers should be expected to have higher level of affective commitment than the subordinates that are supervised by theory x managers. Therefore most people must be motivated by forcedbribed with the threat of punishment or a reward to produce effort and work towards organizational objectives. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation.

Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory xtype organizations. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous x y theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. Comparative analysis of theory x, theory y, theory z, and theory. Douglas mcgregor wrote about theory x and theory y in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Deming went to japan just after the war to help set up. It has generated wide ranging and lasting interest in the field of motivation. Mcgregors xy theory is a natural rule for managing people. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960.

Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Mcgregors theory of motivation presentation by anisur rehman theory x theory y marketing lecture series marketing lecture in hindi marketing lecture in hindienglish marketing lecture marketing. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Theory x and theory y relate to maslows hierarchy of needs in how human behavior and motivation are main priorities in the workplace in order to maximize output. That history will explain why theory ys view of human nature is incomplete. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done.

Clearly, a theory y approach sounds more appealing but, in fact, different members of one team might benefit from different management approaches, depending on the situation. Even today in 20, only a few companies are truly adopting theory y assumptions, but it is a start and hopefully a start towards a more human workplace. Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play. The xy theory diagram and measurement tool below pdf and doc versions are. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Theory x, theory y, and theory z introduction to business. Theory x and theory y are still referred to regularly in the fields of.

In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility. Theory x says that the average human being is lazy and self. According to mcgregor, theory x seeks to promote engagement by directing, monitoring. People will exercise selfdirection and selfcontrol if they are committed to the objectives. Theory x and theory y theory x and y comparison theory y theories in the 21st century the average theory y manager makes an effort theory x and y are often studied as a prelude to developing a better understanding towards management concepts applies self control and self. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. The purpose of this paper is to apply mcgregors theory x and theory y to study teacher motivation in higher education. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. Difference between theory x and theory y of motivation and. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor. Essentially theory x and theory y describe two opposing views of people at work that will influence management style. This article argues that theory x methods persist because the view of human nature found in theory y is incomplete. Given the drawbacks of theoryx, mcgregor developed an alternative theory of human behavior called theoryy. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s.

First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory x y attitudes and theory x y behaviors. Theory y put forward the idea that management by objectives and involving workers in the decisionmaking process would lead to the creation of a satisfied and more productive workforce. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregor s x y theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Leaders managers who adhere to theory x assume that the average person.